مقام پیامبر دانیال علیه السلام
IRQ-0004
معرفی
این مکان درون قلعه کرکوک آرامگاه قطعی و مورد اتفاق پیامبر دانیال علیه السلام نیست، بلکه مسجدی کهن و مقامی منسوب است که در حافظه محلی مسلمانان، یهودیان و مسیحیان حفظ شده است. در شوش، شوشتر، سمرقند، موصل و مناطق دیگر نیز آرامگاههایی به دانیال نسبت داده میشود و هیچ مکان واحدی از سوی همه جوامع تاریخی به عنوان قبر بیاختلاف او پذیرفته نشده است. از این رو رکورد کرکوک، بنا را مکانی مقدس و منسوب درون قلعه معرفی میکند.
مسجد بر تپه تاریخی قلعه در مرکز شهر کرکوک قرار دارد. سنت محلی، قبرهای موجود در فضای آن را افزون بر دانیال به شخصیتهایی با نامهای حننیا، میشائیل و عزریا نیز پیوند میدهد. جایگاه قبرها، گنبدها و حضور بنا در محیطی کهن، آن را نقطه تلاقی چند لایه از تاریخ دینی شهر ساخته است. با این حال این نسبت، سنتی زیارتی و متأخر است و نه نتیجهای باستانشناختی که هویت بقایا را ثابت کند.
زندگی دانیال عمدتا از کتاب دانیال و سپس نوشتههای یهودی، مسیحی و اسلامی شناخته میشود. این روایتها او را مردی از بنی اسرائیل معرفی میکنند که زیر سلطه بابل و ایران بر عبادت منظم، حکمت و تعبیر رؤیاها پایدار ماند. مورخان مسلمان نیز گزارشهایی درباره یافتن پیکری منسوب به دانیال در تستر نقل کردهاند، اما همین گزارشهای گوناگون باعث شکلگیری چندین سنت آرامگاهی شد و محل قبر را قطعی نکرد.
بنابراین ارزش مقام کرکوک بیش از آنکه اثبات یک قبر مشخص باشد، گواهی بر جغرافیای مقدس مشترک شهر است. قلعه کرکوک لایههایی از حافظه باستانی، یهودی، مسیحی و اسلامی را در خود نگه داشته و زیارت مسجد دانیال بازتاب همین میراث درهمتنیده است. مکان، پایداری در عبادت، درستکاری زیر فشار سیاسی و بقای ایمان در تبعید و قدرت امپراتوریها را یادآوری میکند.
زائر باید میان مکان میراثی ثابت و ادعای حلنشده دفن تفاوت بگذارد. حضور مسجد در قلعه کرکوک و پیوندش با هویت تاریخی شهر روشن است، اما نسبت آن به دانیال سنتی محترم و محلی است که نباید فراتر از شواهد موجود به یقین تاریخی تبدیل شود.
اهمیت تاریخی / دینی
مقام پیامبر دانیال از مهمترین آثار دینی درون قلعه کرکوک است؛ قلعهای که بر تپهای کهن در قلب شهر قرار دارد. این مکان نقطهای آشکار از پیوند حافظه یهودی، مسیحی و اسلامی را حفظ میکند و نشان میدهد که مکانهای مقدس چگونه در دورههای گوناگون به دست جوامع پیدرپی حفظ و تفسیر شدهاند.
ارزش پژوهشی آن در جداسازی دو مسئله است: وجود مسجد و اهمیت میراثی آن روشن است، اما هویت مدفونان بر سنت محلی تکیه دارد. بیان صادقانه هر دو لایه، حرمت اثر را حفظ و از بزرگنمایی شواهد جلوگیری میکند.
منابع
The Book of Daniel
narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Tarikh al-Tabari
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pag
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya
Ibn Kathir
reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Antiquities of the Jews
Flavius Josephus
account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies b
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
whc.unesco.org
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
www.kurdistan24.net
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
alsabaah.iq
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.