पैग़म्बर दानियाल अलैहिस्सलाम का मक़ाम
IRQ-0004
परिचय
किरकुक क़िले के भीतर स्थित यह जगह पैग़म्बर दानियाल अलैहिस्सलाम की सर्वमान्य और निश्चित दफ़नगाह नहीं है, बल्कि एक प्राचीन मस्जिद और संबद्ध मक़ाम है जिसे स्थानीय मुस्लिम, यहूदी और ईसाई स्मृति ने सुरक्षित रखा है। शूश, शूश्तर, समरक़ंद, मोसुल और दूसरे क्षेत्रों में भी दानियाल से संबद्ध क़ब्रों की परंपराएँ मिलती हैं और किसी एक स्थान को सभी ऐतिहासिक समुदायों ने निर्विवाद क़ब्र नहीं माना। इसलिए किरकुक रिकॉर्ड इस इमारत को क़िले के भीतर स्थित सम्मानित संबद्ध पवित्र स्थल के रूप में प्रस्तुत करता है।
मस्जिद शहर के केंद्र में ऐतिहासिक किरकुक क़िले के टीले पर स्थित है। स्थानीय परंपरा इसके भीतर की क़ब्रों को दानियाल के साथ हननियाह, मीशाएल और अज़रियाह नामक व्यक्तियों से भी जोड़ती है। क़ब्रों की व्यवस्था, गुम्बदों और पुराने क़ब्रिस्तानी परिवेश ने इसे शहर के कई धार्मिक इतिहासों के मिलन-बिंदु में बदल दिया। यह संबद्धता बाद की ज़ियारती परंपरा है, न कि अवशेषों की पहचान सिद्ध करने वाला पुरातात्त्विक निष्कर्ष।
दानियाल की कथा मुख्यतः दानियाल की किताब और बाद के यहूदी, ईसाई तथा इस्लामी ऐतिहासिक साहित्य से जानी जाती है। इन परंपराओं में उन्हें बाबिली और फ़ारसी शासन के अधीन रहने वाला दृढ़ बनी इस्राईली, इबादतगुज़ार, बुद्धिमान और सपनों तथा दर्शनों का अर्थ बताने वाला व्यक्ति दिखाया गया है। मुस्लिम इतिहासकारों ने तुस्तर में दानियाल से संबद्ध एक शरीर मिलने की रिवायतें भी दर्ज कीं, पर अलग-अलग विवरणों ने कई दफ़न परंपराएँ उत्पन्न कीं और किसी एक क़ब्र को निश्चित नहीं किया।
इसलिए किरकुक मक़ाम का मूल्य किसी विशेष क़ब्र के निर्णायक प्रमाण से अधिक शहर की साझा पवित्र भूगोल की गवाही में है। किरकुक क़िले में प्राचीन, यहूदी, ईसाई और इस्लामी स्मृतियों की परतें मौजूद हैं और दानियाल मस्जिद की स्थानीय ज़ियारत इसी मिश्रित विरासत को दर्शाती है। यह स्थान राजनीतिक दबाव में ईमानदारी, इबादत में दृढ़ता और निर्वासन तथा साम्राज्य की शक्ति के बीच आस्था की रक्षा की याद दिलाता है।
ज़ायर को प्रमाणित विरासत-स्थल और अनसुलझे दफ़न दावे के बीच अंतर समझना चाहिए। मस्जिद का किरकुक क़िले और शहर की ऐतिहासिक पहचान का हिस्सा होना स्पष्ट है, जबकि दानियाल से उसकी संबद्धता सम्मानित स्थानीय परंपरा है जिसे उपलब्ध प्रमाण से आगे बढ़ाकर निश्चित इतिहास नहीं बनाना चाहिए।
ऐतिहासिक / धार्मिक महत्व
पैग़म्बर दानियाल का मक़ाम किरकुक क़िले के प्रमुख धार्मिक स्मारकों में है। यह शहर के हृदय में स्थित पुराने आबादी-टीले पर यहूदी, ईसाई और इस्लामी स्मृतियों का स्पष्ट संगम सुरक्षित करता है और दिखाता है कि पवित्र स्थानों को अलग-अलग युगों में क्रमिक समुदायों ने अपनाया और नया अर्थ दिया।
इसका शोध-मूल्य दो प्रश्नों को अलग रखने में है: मस्जिद की उपस्थिति और विरासत-महत्ता स्थापित है, जबकि वहाँ दफ़्न व्यक्तियों की पहचान स्थानीय संबद्धता पर आधारित है। दोनों स्तरों को ईमानदारी से प्रस्तुत करना स्मारक का सम्मान भी बचाता है और ऐतिहासिक प्रमाण को बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर बताने से भी रोकता है।
संदर्भ
The Book of Daniel
narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Tarikh al-Tabari
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pag
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya
Ibn Kathir
reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
Antiquities of the Jews
Flavius Josephus
account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies b
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
whc.unesco.org
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
www.kurdistan24.net
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.
alsabaah.iq
Page/Volume: narratives of Daniel under Babylonian and Persian rule; chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and earlier nations; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: reports concerning Daniel and the Tustar tradition; pagination varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Page/Volume: account of Daniel; book/chapter numbering varies by edition | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review. | Article role: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE. Earlier scriptural and Islamic historical sources support Daniel's religious-historical memory but do not establish the Kirkuk burial. UNESCO supports Kirkuk Citadel as the verified heritage location. Regional reporting and Al-Sabah support the presence of the mosque/maqam inside the citadel and its layered local religious tradition. Multiple competing Daniel burial traditions remain, so the burial identity is kept Under Review.