مزار سید عبدالرحیم المعروف مولوی الکردی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ
IRQ-SUL-0187
تعارف
یہ مزار سید عبد الرحیم ملا سعیدی تاوگوزی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ، المعروف مولویِ کردی اور تخلص معدومی، کی آخری آرام گاہ سے منسوب ہے۔ آپ 1806ء میں تاوگوز کے علاقے میں ایک علمی خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے اور 1882–83ء میں دربندیخان کے علاقے میں وفات پائی۔ علمی مراجع آپ کو انیسویں صدی کے گورانی زبان کے ممتاز ترین کردی شعرا میں شمار کرتے ہیں۔
آپ کے والد ملا سعید ایک دینی مدرس تھے۔ مولوی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نے کردستان کے مختلف مدارس میں عربی علوم، فقہ، کلام اور ادب پڑھا اور بعد میں شیخ عثمان سراج الدین رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کے نقشبندی حلقے سے وابستہ ہوئے۔ ان کے سفر اور علمی روابط نے ایرانی و عراقی کردستان کے مذہبی اور ادبی ماحول کو باہم جوڑا۔
آپ نے کردی، عربی اور فارسی میں تصنیف کی۔ اہم آثار میں عربی منظومہ «الفضيلة»، کردی عقیدے کی کتاب «العقيدة المرضية»، فارسی «الفواتح»، رسالۂ رابطہ اور گورانی دیوان شامل ہیں۔ ان کی مذہبی شاعری میں اشعری علمِ کلام اور صوفیانہ فکر کی بحث ملتی ہے۔
مولوی کی غزلیں گورانی شاعری کے عروج کی نمائندگی کرتی ہیں۔ ان میں محبت، فطرت، روحانی تجربہ، جدائی اور ذاتی غم کو اعلیٰ شعری زبان میں بیان کیا گیا ہے۔ اہلیہ عنبر خاتون کی وفات سے متعلق مراثی ان کے دیوان کے نہایت معروف حصوں میں شمار ہوتی ہیں۔
آخری برسوں میں بینائی کم ہونے، کتب خانے کے نقصان اور دوسرے ذاتی صدمات کا ذکر سوانحی مراجع میں محفوظ ہے۔ ان کی وفات 1882 یا 1883ء میں دربندیخان کے علاقے میں ہوئی؛ مقامی اور جدید ذرائع ان کی تدفین سرشاتہ/تاوگوزی کے اصحابہ قبرستان میں بتاتے ہیں، جہاں یہ مزار ادبی اور روحانی یادگار کے طور پر قائم ہے۔
تاریخی / دینی اہمیت
مولوی تاوگوزی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کی سب سے بڑی تاریخی اہمیت یہ ہے کہ ان کا دیوان گورانی شاعری کے آخری بڑے کلاسیکی عروج کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔ ان کی شاعری نے مقامی زبان، فارسی و عربی علمی روایت اور صوفی تجربے کو ایک مربوط ادبی صورت دی۔
ان کی عقائدی منظومات کردستان کے مدرسہ، اشعری کلام اور نقشبندی تصوف کے فکری ماحول کی دستاویز بھی ہیں۔ اس طرح ان کا کام صرف ادبی نہیں بلکہ انیسویں صدی کے کرد مذہبی و علمی تاریخ کے مطالعے کے لیے بھی بنیادی اہمیت رکھتا ہے۔
سرشاتہ/تاوگوزی میں ان سے منسوب مزار شاعر کی مقامی جغرافیہ، تحریری ورثے اور زندہ ثقافتی یادداشت کو ایک جگہ جمع کرتا ہے، اسی لیے یہ علاقائی سطح پر معروف زیارتی اور ادبی مقام ہے۔
حوالہ جات
MAWLAWI, ʿAbd-al-Raḥim Maʿdumi (Encyclopaedia Iranica)
Keith Hitchins
online biographical entry, first published 20 July
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
Dīwān-i Mawlawī
Mawlawi; edited by Molla Abd al-Karim Modarres
Baghdad, 1961; pagination varies by edition
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
Tārīkh-e mashāhīr-e Kord
Bābā Mardukh Rūḥānī Shīwā
Vol. I, pp. 466–473
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
Mêjûy edebî Kurdî
Marouf Khaznadar
Vol. III, pp. 351–395
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
www.iranicaonline.org
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
www.mawlawi.krd
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
en.964media.com
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.
kurdishglobe.krd
Page/Volume: online biographical entry, first published 20 July 2009 | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B. | Encyclopaedia Iranica is the principal source for identity, dates, education, Naqshbandi affiliation, writings, family bereavement, blindness, and literary assessment. The edited divan and the cited Kurdish literary histories support the corpus and its place in Gurani literature. Modern/local reporting corroborates the burial in the Ashaba Cemetery at Sarshata, Tawagozi, within Darbandikhan district. Because the current grave attribution is supported chiefly by modern and local evidence rather than an independently verified early burial record, the row is conservatively classified as Level B.