🔎 Evidence and attribution

How the atlas evaluates sources and makes research traceable

No single book, website, map label, photograph, video, or local statement automatically controls a record. Evidence is assessed according to its purpose, origin, independence, and consistency.

Classical and specialist books Academic and institutional research Maps, photographs, and field evidence
01

Why Source Transparency Matters

Readers should be able to understand why a statement was published.

Historical shrine research involves several different questions: the identity of a person, the genealogy attributed to that person, the existence and history of a structure, the location of the physical site, and the claim that a burial or event occurred there. These questions may require different kinds of evidence.

A citation is therefore not decorative. It shows where a claim came from, allows the reader to examine it, and helps future editors correct or refine the record.

Repeated information is not automatically independent evidence

Ten websites copying one unsourced paragraph remain one unsupported chain. The project tries to locate the earliest identifiable book, article, map edit, official notice, photograph, or local account behind repeated claims.

02

Evidence Hierarchy

A practical guide to the usual role of each source group.

Evidence groupTypical useHow it is treated
Classical and early textsIdentity, events, early attributions, historical contextUse reliable editions where possible; compare variant reports and avoid isolated quotations.
Genealogical and biographical worksLineage, family relationships, tribal or scholarly identityCheck chronology, missing generations, variant lineages, and the author’s method.
Specialist books and academic researchCritical analysis, architecture, regional history, modern scholarshipPrefer identifiable authors, publishers, journals, universities, and transparent citations.
Government, heritage, and institutional recordsOfficial names, protected status, administration, reconstruction, modern conditionStrong for present legal or administrative facts; not automatic proof of an ancient attribution.
Maps and geospatial platformsDiscovery, navigation, coordinate comparison, nearby landmarksUseful for location work; a map label alone does not establish historical identity.
Photographs, videos, and physical inspectionBuilding, signage, entrance, condition, access, visible local nameStrong for what is visibly present; separate observation from inherited historical explanation.
Community sources and local interviewsLocal terminology, access, recent events, oral memoryPreserve useful knowledge but identify who reported what and seek independent corroboration.
Wikipedia and general aggregatorsOrientation, spellings, source discoveryNever the sole authority for a contested identity, lineage, burial, or coordinate.
03

How a Source Is Evaluated

Reputation matters, but relevance and method matter as well.

Authorship

Is the author or institution identifiable, qualified, and accountable for the material?

Relevance

Does the source actually address the person, place, lineage, building, or coordinate being discussed?

Independence

Is this an independent observation or merely a repetition of another unsourced page?

Chronology

How close is the source to the historical event, building phase, map state, or local observation?

Transparency

Does it cite evidence, explain its method, identify photographs, or link to an original record?

Corroboration

Does the claim agree with other independent evidence, and are the disagreements explained?

04

Books, Editions, and Scholarly Research

Book references remain central, but they are not all used in the same way.

The atlas prefers identifiable editions, full titles, authors, volume or page information where available, and enough bibliographic detail for another person to locate the source. Classical chronicles, biographical dictionaries, genealogical works, regional histories, shrine studies, archaeological publications, and modern academic research may each answer different questions.

A later specialist study may be more useful than an early text for architecture or modern site history, while an early text may be essential for tracing an attribution. The project therefore weighs the source according to the claim rather than applying one automatic ranking to every question.

  • Quoted or paraphrased claims should not exceed what the cited text actually supports.
  • Volume and page details are recorded when available and reliable.
  • Variant reports are preserved when the disagreement is historically meaningful.
  • A translation is checked against the original language when the wording affects identity, lineage, or certainty.
05

Websites and Digital Publications

Online access is useful, but a web page must still be evaluated as a source.

Universities and research institutes

Useful when authorship, institutional responsibility, citations, and publication context are visible.

Government and heritage portals

Important for modern names, legal status, restoration, administration, and official announcements.

Digital journals and repositories

Evaluate the paper, author, journal, version, and whether the accessible copy is complete.

Wikipedia and encyclopedic pages

Use for orientation and discovering references; verify important claims in the cited or independent sources.

Link availability is not the same as source quality

A polished website may contain unsupported material, while a modest scanned book or institutional catalogue may preserve stronger evidence.

06

Maps, GPS, and Visual Evidence

Location evidence is assembled through comparison, not copied from one pin.

Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, local mapping services, and Overpass Turbo are used to discover names, objects, roads, cemeteries, religious buildings, entrances, and nearby landmarks. Satellite imagery, street-level imagery where available, photographs, videos, and physical inspection help determine whether the coordinate points to the intended structure.

Overpass Turbo can retrieve OpenStreetMap objects and tags, but its output remains community-maintained map data. Every proposed coordinate is manually compared with the wider evidence before it is added to a shrine record.

Discover

Find possible map objects, spellings, landmarks, roads, and local labels.

Compare

Check multiple map platforms, imagery, photographs, descriptions, and physical relationships.

Identify the target

Decide whether the coordinate represents an entrance, building, grave enclosure, mosque, memorial, or wider complex.

Manually verify

Confirm consistency before assigning a GPS confidence level or publishing the point.

07

Community Groups, Social Media, and Interviews

Local evidence can be valuable without becoming automatic historical proof.

Facebook groups, YouTube videos, community pages, family posts, local guides, and interviews may preserve recent photographs, signage, road access, reconstruction, local pronunciation, and information unavailable elsewhere. They are treated as supporting or discovery sources unless independently corroborated.

The project distinguishes a direct observation — such as “the sign at the entrance uses this name” — from an inherited claim such as “the person buried here is said to be a descendant of…”. Both may be recorded, but they do not carry the same evidentiary weight.

  • Record the creator, group, interviewee, date, and context when possible.
  • Check whether the photograph or video actually shows the stated location.
  • Avoid treating likes, shares, repetition, or popularity as historical verification.
  • Do not publish private personal information without a legitimate reason and appropriate consent.
08

Citation and Attribution Rules

References should remain usable to readers and future editors.

  • Book references identify the title, author, and volume or page where available.
  • Website references are displayed as separate usable links rather than one broken combined URL.
  • Photographs and user submissions retain source or photographer credit when known and permitted.
  • Direct quotations remain limited and are distinguished from editorial summary.
  • A source is cited for the claim it actually supports; one citation is not stretched across unrelated statements.
  • When a link becomes unavailable, the bibliographic reference and relevant notes are preserved where possible.
09

Conflicting Evidence and Unresolved Claims

Disagreement is documented rather than concealed.

When credible sources disagree, the record may summarize the principal positions, identify the evidence behind each one, explain why the issue remains unresolved, and use cautious wording such as attributed, traditionally associated, probable, disputed, or unknown.

The presence of a modern shrine structure may establish the existence and social importance of the site without proving every claim about the person, grave, date, or lineage. These questions are kept separate so that one strong fact does not lend artificial certainty to another.

Editorial rule

The wording of a published statement must never be stronger than the evidence supporting it.

10

Corrections and Better Sources

A source policy must allow improvement.

Readers, researchers, custodians, families, and local communities may submit a correction, book reference, working link, photograph, map suggestion, or field observation. A submission does not become public automatically; it is reviewed against the existing record and other available evidence.

Useful submissions should identify the shrine code or page, state the proposed correction clearly, and explain the source of the new information. Significant revisions may be reflected in record notes or future version history.