مقام ذوالکفل علیہ السلام اور مرقدِ حزقیال سے منسوب تاریخی مجموعہ

اردو العربية English فارسی हिन्दी

مرقد ذوالکفل، مرقد حزقیال، مسجد نخیلہ

منسوب مقام تصدیق شدہ جغرافیائی مقام انبیاء کرام تحقیق: زیرِ تحقیق IRQ-0006
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تعارف

الکفل کا یہ تاریخی مجموعہ حضرت ذوالکفل علیہ السلام سے منسوب مقام اور یہودی روایت کے نبی حزقیال کی قبر کے طور پر معروف ہے۔ قرآن مجید میں ذوالکفل کا ذکر صبر اور نیکی کے ساتھ آتا ہے، لیکن قرآن ان کا اصل نام، زمانہ یا مقامِ دفن متعین نہیں کرتا۔ ذوالکفل اور حزقیال کو ایک ہی شخصیت قرار دینے کی روایت قدیم ہے، مگر یہ شناخت تمام مفسرین اور مؤرخین کے نزدیک قطعی نہیں۔ اس لیے موجودہ مقام کو ایک مشترک، تاریخی اور منسوب زیارتی مجموعہ سمجھنا زیادہ درست ہے۔

قرآن مجید میں سورۃ الانبیاء اور سورۃ ص میں ذوالکفل علیہ السلام کو صابر اور نیک بندوں کے ساتھ یاد کیا گیا ہے۔ ابن کثیر اور دوسرے مفسرین نے لکھا کہ سیاق انہیں نبی قرار دینے کی تائید کرتا ہے، جبکہ مجاہد اور بعض قدیم اہلِ تفسیر نے انہیں ایک صالح اور عادل شخص سمجھا جس نے ذمہ داری قبول کرکے پوری کی۔ ان اختلافات کے باوجود صبر، عدل اور عہد کی پابندی ان کی یاد کے بنیادی معانی ہیں۔

الکفل شہر کا مزار مسجد نخیلہ کے تاریخی مجموعے میں واقع ہے۔ مخروطی گنبد، قدیم منارہ، اسلامی کتبے، عبرانی تحریریں، بازار اور ملحقہ قبریں اس مقام کی طویل اور کئی مذہبی تہوں والی تاریخ ظاہر کرتی ہیں۔ عراقی یہودی روایت اسے بابل کی اسیری کے نبی حزقیال کا مدفن سمجھتی رہی، جبکہ مسلمان ذوالکفل علیہ السلام، مسجد نخیلہ اور مقامی اسلامی آثار کی زیارت کرتے رہے۔

یہ مقام کئی صدیوں تک یہودی اور مسلم زائرین کے لیے اہم رہا اور اس کی معماری میں مختلف ادوار کے نشانات محفوظ ہوئے۔ ۲۰۱۰ء میں عراق کے ریاستی ادارۂ آثار و ورثہ نے مقامِ الکفل کو یونیسکو کی عارضی فہرست کے لیے پیش کیا اور اسے مذہبی روایات و ثقافتی یادوں کے ملاپ والے مجموعے کے طور پر بیان کیا۔ عارضی فہرست میں اندراج متعلقہ ریاست کی نامزدگی کو درج کرتا ہے؛ یہ مقام کی نبوی شناخت کی آزاد یونیسکو تصدیق نہیں۔ جدید مرمت اور انتظامی تبدیلیوں کے دوران عبرانی کتبوں، اسلامی معماری اور مشترک ورثے کی اصل نوعیت کا تحفظ خاص اہمیت رکھتا ہے۔

زائر کے لیے بنیادی وضاحت یہ ہے کہ قرآن کے ذوالکفل اور کتابی نبی حزقیال کی شناخت ایک معتبر مگر غیر متفقہ روایت ہے۔ مزار کی تاریخی عظمت اس اختلاف سے کم نہیں ہوتی؛ بلکہ یہی تنوع اسے عراق کی مشترک یاد، بابل کی اسیری، اسلامی زیارت اور یہودی علمی تاریخ کا منفرد مرکز بناتا ہے۔

اس مقام کا اخلاقی پیغام ذمہ داری اور امانت ہے۔ ذوالکفل کے نام سے وابستہ کفالت اور عہد پورا کرنے کی روایت، اور حزقیال کی جلاوطنی کے دور میں امید کی تعلیم، دونوں زائر کو یہ سبق دیتے ہیں کہ مشکل سیاسی اور اجتماعی حالات میں بھی انصاف، عبادت اور اجتماعی حافظہ محفوظ رکھنا ممکن ہے۔


تاریخی / دینی اہمیت

الکفل کا مقام عراق کے سب سے نمایاں مشترک مذہبی ورثوں میں سے ہے، جہاں قرآنی یاد، بابل کی اسیری، عراقی یہودی تاریخ اور اسلامی زیارت ایک ہی معماری مجموعے میں جمع ہیں۔

مخروطی گنبد، تاریخی منارہ، کثیر لسانی کتبے اور قدیم بازار اسے بابل کی شہری اور معماری تاریخ کا اہم نشان بناتے ہیں۔ یونیسکو کی عارضی فہرست میں شمولیت عراق کی ورثہ نامزدگی کو درج اور اس کی وسیع اہمیت کو نمایاں کرتی ہے، مگر مقام کی شناخت کی آزاد یونیسکو توثیق نہیں۔

یہ مقام زائرین کو اختلافِ شناخت کے باوجود مشترک یاد کی حفاظت، مذہبی تنوع کے احترام اور تاریخی کتبوں و عمارتوں کو جدید تعمیر کے دوران محفوظ رکھنے کی ضرورت سکھاتا ہے۔

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حوالہ جات

بنیادی ماخذ — The Holy Qur'an زیادہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

بنیادی ماخذ — Tafsir al-Tabari زیادہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

بنیادی ماخذ — Tafsir Ibn Kathir زیادہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ثانوی ماخذ — Al-Jami li-Ahkam al-Qur'an درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ثانوی ماخذ — The History of Ezekiel's Tomb in Iraq درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ثانوی ماخذ — The Site of Thilkifl درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ویب ماخذ — whc.unesco.org درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ویب ماخذ — ajammc.com درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ویب ماخذ — archive.diarna.org درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.

ویب ماخذ — alsabaah.iq درمیانہ

Notes: ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: commentary on 21:85 and account of Dhu al-Kifl; pagination varies by edition | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity. | Page/Volume: UNESCO Tentative List submission 5497, submitted 2010 | ARTICLE ROLE: SECONDARY ATTRIBUTED PLACE / SHARED HERITAGE COMPLEX. The Qur'an securely establishes Dhu al-Kifl as a praised righteous figure, while classical tafsir differs over prophethood and identity. Jewish Iraqi tradition identifies the tomb as Ezekiel's; the equation of Dhu al-Kifl with Ezekiel is influential but not unanimous. Iraq's State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, heritage studies and Iraqi sources support the historic Al-Nukhailah complex, architecture and shared Muslim-Jewish significance. The UNESCO page reproduces Iraq's State Party Tentative List submission and is not independent UNESCO authentication of the prophetic identity.


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