Shrine of Sayyid Hamza ibn al-Qasim, known as al-Hamza al-Gharbi, May Allah Have Mercy On Him
اردو العربية English فارسی हिन्दी
Abu Ya'la Hamza ibn al-Qasim al-Alawi al-Abbasi; Hamza al-Gharbi
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Introduction
The Shrine of Sayyid Hamza ibn al-Qasim, known as al-Hamza al-Gharbi, May Allah Have Mercy On Him, stands in Al-Madhatiya in Babil Governorate, south of Al-Hilla. It is the recognized principal shrine associated with a third-century Alid scholar whose genealogy reaches al-Abbas ibn Ali, Peace Be Upon Him. The settlement itself became widely known by the name al-Hamza al-Gharbi, showing how the shrine shaped the religious and civic identity of the surrounding town.
Genealogical and biographical works name him Abu Ya'la Hamza ibn al-Qasim ibn Ali ibn Hamza ibn al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn al-Abbas ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. Through this line he belonged to the Abbasid-Alid branch descending from the standard-bearer of Karbala. His distinction does not rest on lineage alone: al-Najashi described him as trustworthy, eminent, belonging to the Imami scholarly community, and prolific in hadith.
The books attributed to him reveal the breadth of his work. They include a study of the men who transmitted from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq, a work on divine unity, a book on visitation and pilgrimage rites, and a refutation of Muhammad ibn Jafar al-Asadi. These titles place him within the formation of rijal criticism, theology, devotional law, and the preservation of transmitted reports during the period of the Minor Occultation.
Among those connected with his transmission are Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qalansi and Harun ibn Musa al-Talla'ukbari. Their presence in later bibliographical and rijal literature demonstrates that Hamza ibn al-Qasim participated in a real scholarly network rather than surviving only as the name of a local saint. His career teaches that service to the Ahl al-Bayt could take the form of careful documentation, verification of narrators, and the organization of devotional knowledge.
The burial tradition is deeply rooted in the region south of Al-Hilla. Later local histories record that he died while traveling through the area and was buried at the place that became his shrine. The precise details of that journey belong to the local historical tradition, while the attribution of the grave itself was already famous among Iraqi scholars and communities. The town's alternative name, Al-Hamza al-Gharbi, distinguishes it from Al-Hamza al-Sharqi farther south.
The modern complex serves prayer, visitation, religious gatherings, and public hospitality. Its importance is therefore both personal and geographic: it preserves the memory of a hadith scholar, the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali, and the historic landscape of Sura and Al-Madhatiya in Babil. Visitors encounter a shrine whose identity is supported by rijal scholarship as well as a long local burial tradition.
His life offers clear lessons for readers and families. Honorable ancestry becomes meaningful through knowledge and trustworthy conduct; devotion requires disciplined learning; and preserving the names and reports of earlier generations is itself a form of service. The shrine of al-Hamza al-Gharbi remains a major regional center where genealogy, scholarship, and pilgrimage meet.
👨👦 Father's Side
📚 Books
Historical / Religious Importance
The shrine is a major link between the genealogical memory of al-Abbas ibn Ali and the documented scholarly history of Imami hadith and rijal. Hamza ibn al-Qasim is not remembered only as an ancestor or local saint, but as an author and transmitter whose works served the verification and organization of religious knowledge.
Its location in Al-Madhatiya shows how a shrine can shape an entire town's name and identity. The complex connects the older landscape of Sura and Babil with modern pilgrimage, public hospitality, and regional religious life.
For education, the record demonstrates that ancestry, scholarship, and public devotion should be studied together but not confused. Classical rijal supports the scholar's identity, while later local history explains the burial and growth of the shrine.
The enduring lesson is that trustworthy transmission is a form of service. The site encourages visitors to value learning, documentation, and moral conduct alongside love for the Ahl al-Bayt.
📝 7 paragraphs · ~469 words · 👨👦 1 father side · 📚 4 Books
References
Primary source — Rijal al-Najashi High
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Primary source — Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith High
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Primary source — Umdat al-Talib fi Ansab Al Abi Talib High
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Secondary source — Khulasat al-Aqwal Medium
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Secondary source — Al-Durra al-Bahiyya fi Tarikh al-Midhatiyya Medium
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Website source — visitaliraq.iq Medium
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Website source — mk.iq Medium
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
Website source — www.alqudsalarabi.co.uk Medium
Notes: Page/Volume: p. 137 in the cited edition; entry on Hamza ibn al-Qasim | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: lineage of the descendants of al-Abbas ibn Ali; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages. | Page/Volume: burial traditions and local shrine history; pagination varies by edition | Article role: PRIMARY BURIAL / MAIN BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Al-Najashi and later rijal works support the full Abbasid-Alid lineage, trustworthiness, prolific transmission, named works and scholarly network. Official Iraqi tourism and Hillah heritage sources support the present shrine in Al-Madhatiya, Babil, including its architectural and civic importance. The detailed death journey and a reported date around 295 AH belong to later local history and are not presented as equal to the classical rijal evidence. The uploaded coordinates remain preserved; the canonical city spelling was normalized from Al-Midhatiya to Al-Madhatiya in all five languages.
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