Extraordinary Signs at the Death and Funeral of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri

Saintly karamahMercy or blessingHistorical outcomeLater manaqib accounts
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Al-Hujwiri preserves a connected account of extraordinary signs surrounding the death of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri, may Allah have mercy on him. He relates that seventy people saw the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, in dreams on the night of Dhu al-Nun’s death, that writing appeared after his death, and that birds gathered above his funeral bier and shaded it. Al-Dhahabi also preserves a separate report that birds shaded the funeral. Another historical account places the post-death writing on the grave rather than the forehead, so that detail is kept as a separate variant.

Al-Hujwiri, in Kashf al-Mahjub, preserves a memorable group of reports connected with the final hours and funeral of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri, may Allah have mercy on him. The story begins on the night of his death. According to al-Hujwiri, seventy people saw the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, in their dreams, and the dream conveyed that he had come to receive Dhu al-Nun. The account therefore opens with a remarkable series of dreams occurring on the same night.

After Dhu al-Nun had died, al-Hujwiri relates a second sign. Writing was seen on his forehead. He gives its meaning in substance as identifying Dhu al-Nun as one beloved by Allah, who had died in divine love. The report does not need any added explanation to carry its force: the extraordinary writing is presented as something noticed after his death and as part of the same death-night tradition.

The account then moves from the body to the funeral procession. Al-Hujwiri says that birds gathered above Dhu al-Nun’s bier and spread their shade over it. This is the most visual scene in the story: the funeral moves forward while birds assemble overhead and shelter the bier beneath them. The report makes this bird-shading one of the signs by which Dhu al-Nun’s funeral was remembered.

A separate account preserved by al-Dhahabi in Siyar A'lam al-Nubala gives a closely related funeral scene. Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi is reported to have said that birds shaded Dhu al-Nun’s funeral, and that afterward people showed greater reverence toward his grave. This second preservation is best left as its own supporting report rather than blended into al-Hujwiri’s wording.

There is also a difference in the location of the writing. While al-Hujwiri places it on Dhu al-Nun’s forehead, a report preserved in Ibn Asakir’s Tarikh Dimashq places writing on his grave. Both forms belong to the transmitted memory surrounding his death, but they are not the same detail. Attar later preserves a similar cluster of stories as well; here, however, the main narrative remains the one given by al-Hujwiri.

Taken in that source-led order, the story is clear: dreams on the night of Dhu al-Nun’s death, extraordinary writing after his death, and birds shading his funeral bier. These linked scenes form one of the best-known sets of karamah reports associated with the death and funeral of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri, may Allah have mercy on him.

Conclusion

The account closes with Dhu al-Nun al-Misri’s funeral remembered beneath the shade of gathered birds, after a night of remarkable dreams and a reported post-death inscription.

Sources

al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, section on Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
Nicholson translation of al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, Dhu al-Nun section
al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, same passage
al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, same passage
al-Dhahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, biography of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
Ibn Hajar, Lisan al-Mizan, biography of Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
Ibn Hajar, Lisan al-Mizan, same biography
Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq, biography of Dhu al-Nun
Attar, Tadhkirat al-Awliya, Dhu al-Nun section
CAND-0247 Task 1 evidence-layer synthesis
CAND-0247 Task 1 taxonomy decision