سويد بن عمرو بن أبي المطاع رضي الله عنه
🌿 النسب والخلفية الأسرية
ينسب إلى خثعم بن أنمار وإلى خلفية قبلية جنوبية. ويرد اسمه بصيغ سويد بن عمرو بن أبي المطاع، وسويد بن عمرو الخثعمي، وسويد بن المطاع. ولا تحفظ المصادر اسم أمه وزوجته وأولاده على وجه قطعي.
⚔️ الدور في واقعة كربلاء
من آخر أصحاب الإمام الحسين عليه السلام ثباتا؛ سقط جريحا بين القتلى، ثم نهض بعد سماع خبر شهادة الإمام وقاتل حتى استشهد.
كان سويد بن عمرو بن أبي المطاع رضي الله عنه منسوبا إلى خثعم أو أنمار. وتحفظ الكتب التاريخية اسمه بصيغ سويد بن عمرو الخثعمي، وسويد بن عمرو بن أبي المطاع، وأحيانا سويد بن المطاع اختصارا. وتصفه السير المتأخرة بالشرف والعبادة وكثرة الصلاة والخبرة بالحرب. وينسجم المعنى العام لهذه الصفات مع موقفه الأخير، غير أن المصادر المتاحة لا تحفظ تاريخ ولادته وعمره وأسرته وسجل حروبه السابقة على وجه قطعي. وفي المرحلة الأخيرة من عاشوراء عد سويد من القلة الباقية مع الإمام الحسين عليه السلام. وتذكر بعض الروايات بشر بن عمرو الحضرمي معه، لكن اختلاف الأخبار في بقاء بشر أو خروجه يؤدي إلى تفاوت جزئي في ترتيب آخر الأصحاب. وقاتل سويد قتالا شديدا وأصيب بجراح كبيرة وسقط بين القتلى. وظنه العدو ميتا وأخذ سلاحه. وبقي مغمى عليه أو بقية من الحياة فيه، ولذلك ينبغي فهم السقوط الأول على أنه جرح بالغ لا شهادة. فلما سمع القوم يعلنون أن الإمام الحسين قد قتل عادت إليه الحركة. ولم يجد سيفه، فتذكر الرواية أنه أخذ سكينا صغيرة أو سلاحا يدويا وهجم مرة أخرى. ويحفظ هذا الحدث في الرواية التاريخية المرتبطة بالطبري والبلاذري، وهو أقوى أجزاء سيرته. وقاتل مدة قصيرة وهو جريح، ثم انعطف عليه العدو فقتله. وترد أسماء قاتليه بصيغ عروة بن بطان أو بطار الثعلبي، وزيد بن رقاد الجنبي أو الجهني أو التغلبي. ولا يفرض الملف قراءة واحدة من هذه الصيغ بوصفها يقينا كاملا. وبسبب هذا الخبر يوصف كثيرا بأنه آخر شهداء أصحاب الإمام الحسين، لأنه نهض بعد سماع خبر شهادة الإمام ثم قتل. والأدق فهم العبارة في سياق رواية الأصحاب، لا بوصفها حكما زمنيا مطلقا على جميع شهداء أهل البيت وكل قتلى الميدان. وتسميه اللغة الزياراتية المتأخرة أحيانا من استشهد مرتين، وهي عبارة مجازية. ففي السقوط الأول ظنوه ميتا ولم يكن قد استشهد، وكانت شهادته الحقيقية في القتال الأخير. وينبغي للملف البحثي إيضاح هذا الفرق. ويرث هذا الملف الموقع الجماعي لشهداء كربلاء، ولا يثبت قبرا منفصلا أو مزارا مستقلا أو علامة خرائطية خاصة. وتمثل ذكراه مثالا استثنائيا للوفاء الأخير والمقاومة الواعية، إذ نهض بما بقي من قوته بعد سماع شهادة الإمام وقاتل مرة أخرى.
🏛️ الأهمية التاريخية
تكمن الأهمية التاريخية لسويد رضي الله عنه في عودته الأخيرة إلى الوعي والقتال. ويعرض الخبر الوفاء بوصفه مقاومة للحق حتى بعد إعلان شهادة الإمام، لا خدمة في حياته وحدها. وتمنح الرواية المرتبطة بالطبري والبلاذري صورة قوية للجرح الشديد والسقوط بين القتلى والقتال بسلاح صغير ثم الشهادة. ويحفظ الملف اختلاف النسخ في أسماء القتلة ونسبهم القبلية. ويجمع الموقع المشترك لكربلاء ذكراه مع سائر الأصحاب. كما توضح سيرته الفرق بين المجاز والتاريخ: فلم يستشهد حقيقة مرتين، بل ظن ميتا أولا ثم نال الشهادة في موقفه الأخير.
📚 المراجع
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
Ansab al-Ashraf — Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri
Karbala account; pagination varies by edition
Karbala account; pagination varies by edition
Tasmiyat man qutila ma'a al-Husayn ibn Ali
Nafas al-Mahmum — al-Fudayl ibn al-Zubayr al-Kufi
Shaykh Abbas al-Qummi
Entry 58 on Suwayd ibn Amr ibn al-Muta'; printed edition p. 153
Chapter on the martyrdom of Suwayd and the companions; pagination varies by edition
The Abu Mikhnaf report preserved by al-Tabari, with a parallel report in Ansab al-Ashraf, supports Suwayd's severe wounding, lying among the dead, hearing that Imam Husayn had been killed, renewed combat with a knife after his sword had been taken, and final martyrdom. Those reports name Urwa ibn Batar or Battan al-Taghlibi and Zayd ibn Riqad al-Janbi in variant forms. Tasmiyat preserves Suwayd independently in the martyr list but attributes his death to Hani ibn Thubayt al-Hadrami. The phrase 'last martyr' is restricted to the companions' narrative and is not made an absolute order covering every Hashimite martyr or every casualty. The later phrase 'martyred twice' is treated as a devotional metaphor because the first fall was grave wounding, not death. The shared-parent location does not establish a separate grave.
عرض المزار أو المقام المرتبط — مرقد الإمام الحسين بن علي عليه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 جميع الشخصيات الأربع والسبعين
📜كيف وصلت إلينا هذه الروايات؟ — افتح التوضيح المختصر
لا يقبل هذا الأطلس الخبر ولا يرده لمجرد مذهب مؤلفه. كان أبو مخنف جامعاً كوفياً مبكراً وحفظ مادته مؤرخون مسلمون عامون مثل الطبري، وكان الشيخ المفيد عالماً إمامياً استفاد في الإرشاد من مواد أقدم. وتعرض كل دعوى بعد مراعاة القرب الزمني وطريق النقل والأصل المشترك والمقارنة بالمصادر الأخرى.
اقرأ الرحلة التاريخية للمصادر والرواة والكتب