حضرت عبدالله بن امام حسین علیهالسلام
🌿 نسب و پیشینه خانوادگی
حضرت عبدالله فرزند امام حسین بن علی و نواده امیرالمؤمنین امام علی بن ابی طالب علیهمالسلام بود. مادرش سیده رباب بنت امرؤ القیس کلبیه سلاماللهعلیها بود که مادر سیده سکینه بنت امام حسین نیز به شمار میرفت.
⚔️ نقش در نهضت کربلا
فرزند خردسال و غیررزمنده امام حسین علیهالسلام که روز عاشورا با اصابت تیر در آغوش پدرش به شهادت رسید و به یکی از روشنترین نشانههای ستم به کودکان اهل بیت تبدیل شد.
حضرت عبدالله بن امام حسین علیهالسلام فرزند خردسال امام حسین بود و شهادتش در روز عاشورا به یکی از دردناکترین صحنههای تاریخ کربلا تبدیل شد. منابع تاریخی کهن و پرکاربرد، نام کودک را عبدالله بن حسین ثبت کردهاند. لقب علیاصغر در زیارت، مرثیه و سنت سوگواری متأخر شهرت یافت و تعبیر عبدالله رضیع بر شیرخوار بودن او دلالت دارد. پدرش امام حسین بن علی علیهماالسلام و مادرش سیده رباب بنت امرؤ القیس کلبیه سلاماللهعلیها بود. رباب همچنین مادر سیده سکینه بنت امام حسین بود. بنابراین عبدالله از نزدیکترین اعضای خاندان امام حسین و در هنگام محاصره نهایی کربلا در خیمهگاه حضور داشت. منابع در خردسالی بسیار او همنظرند، اما یک سن دقیق و قطعی حفظ نشده است. گزارشهای کهن از کودک، شیرخوار، خردسال و در روایتی نوزاد سخن میگویند. گفته مشهور ششماهه بودن بیشتر به حافظه مذهبی متأخر تعلق دارد و نباید به عنوان تاریخی کهن و مستقل و قطعی ارائه شود. گزارش تاریخی اصلی، کودک را روز عاشورا نزدیک خیمهها در آغوش امام حسین قرار میدهد. تیری از سوی مردی منسوب به بنیاسد به گلوی او خورد و وی را به شهادت رساند. این خبر از ابومخنف در تاریخ طبری و نیز در الارشاد حفظ شده و از رویدادهای استوار در حافظه عاشورا به شمار میرود. نام تیرانداز در نقلها متفاوت است. سنت متأخر و مشهورتر حرملة بن کاهل اسدی را نام میبرد، در حالی که گزارشهای دیگری از هانئ بن ثبیت حضرمی یاد میکنند یا مهاجم را بینام میگذارند. ازاینرو این مدخل اختلاف را حفظ میکند و هیچ نامی را قطعی نمیسازد. چند گزارش کهن و متأخر، گرفتن خون فرزند در دستهای امام حسین و واگذاری داوری ستمگران به خدا را بیان کردهاند. عبارتها متفاوتاند، اما معنای مشترک، شکیبایی در سختترین فقدان، اعتماد به عدالت الهی و تبدیل مرگ کودک بیگناه به گواهی اخلاقی است. ادبیات مقتل و سنت مذهبی متأخر، صحنه را با جزئیات بیشتری گسترش داد؛ بهویژه این روایت که امام حسین کودک تشنه را در برابر سپاه آورد و برای او آب خواست. این روایت در مجالس جایگاهی مرکزی یافته، اما از گزارش کوتاه کهن متأخرتر است و به عنوان نقل مذهبی، نه خبری مستقل و همزمان با منابع نخستین، عرضه میشود. منابع درباره سرنوشت پیکر نیز یکسان نیستند. الارشاد از قرار دادن کودک در کنار دیگر شهیدان خاندان سخن میگوید، در حالی که برخی روایات متأخر دفنی جداگانه نزدیک خیمهها را بیان میکنند. چون قبر مستقلی تأیید نشده، این پرونده از مکان مشترک شهدای کربلا استفاده میکند و نشانه جداگانهای بر نقشه نمیسازد. پس باید نام تاریخی عبدالله بن حسین و لقب مذهبی علیاصغر هر دو حفظ شوند، اما وزن تاریخی آنها برابر دانسته نشود. نام نخست در مواد کهن تاریخی و نسبی استوار است و نام دوم در حافظه جمعی متأخر ریشه دوانده و به نامی محبوب در سوگواری تبدیل شده است. اهمیت شهادت عبدالله در این است که نشان میدهد خشونت کربلا به کودکی غیررزمنده از خاندان پیامبر رسید. یاد او حرمت کودکان، زشتی مجازات جمعی و مسئولیت جداسازی تاریخ مستند از سنت مذهبی متأخر را آموزش میدهد، بیآنکه از اندوه و احترام هیچیک کاسته شود.
🏛️ اهمیت تاریخی
اهمیت تاریخی حضرت عبدالله بن حسین علیهالسلام در این است که خشونت عاشورا به کودکی غیررزمنده از نزدیکترین خاندان امام حسین رسید. این رویداد به گواهی اخلاقی تعیینکنندهای درباره محاصره و فروپاشی هرگونه محدودیت در سپاه مقابل تبدیل شد. این پرونده یک تمایز روشی مهم را نیز حفظ میکند. عبدالله بن حسین نامی است که در مواد تاریخی کهن پشتوانه نیرومندتری دارد، در حالی که لقب علیاصغر و سن دقیق شش ماه در حافظه مذهبی متأخر برجستهترند. هر دو مهماند، اما نباید دارای سند یکسان نخستین دانسته شوند. اختلاف درباره مهاجم، درخواست آب و سرنوشت پیکر نشان میدهد که گزارش کوتاه کهن چگونه به روایت گسترده سوگواری تبدیل شد. ثبت صادقانه این تحول، هم دقت تاریخی و هم حافظه فرهنگی نسلهایی را حفظ میکند که از این راه با فاجعه آشنا شدهاند. مکان مشترک کربلا، عبدالله را در حافظه تدفینی و زیارتی امام حسین و شهیدان اهل بیت قرار میدهد، بیآنکه قبر جداگانهای را اثبات کند. یاد او همچنان حفاظت از کودکان، شفقت بر محاصرهشدگان و پاسخگویی در برابر خشونت علیه بیگناهان را آموزش میدهد.
📚 منابع
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
al-Irshad — Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
al-Shaykh al-Mufid
vol. 5, pp. 448 and 468 in the cited edition
Karbala and children-of-Imam-Husayn entries; pagination varies by edition
Tarikh al-Yaqubi
Maqatil al-Talibiyyin — Ahmad ibn Abi Yaqub al-Yaqubi
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani
Karbala account; pagination varies by edition
Karbala family-martyr entry; pagination varies by edition
Al-Tabari through Abu Mikhnaf and al-Irshad strongly support the identity Abdullah ibn al-Husayn, his extreme youth, his presence in Imam Husayn’s lap, the arrow wound, and his mother Rubab. Al-Yaqubi and later maqtal material preserve variant descriptions, including a newborn report, the name Ali al-Asghar, the six-month devotional memory, the water-request scene, and different handling of the body. The attacker is variously named Harmala ibn Kahil, Hani ibn Thubayt, or left unnamed. Exact page claims that were not independently checked in a specific edition were converted to edition-safe entry notes. The profile remains core and Level B because the principal identity and martyrdom are secure while age, attacker and later scene details vary.
مشاهده زیارتگاه / مقام مرتبط — حرم امام حسین بن علی علیه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 همه ۷۴ پروفایل
📜این گزارشها چگونه به ما رسیدهاند؟ — توضیح کوتاه را باز کنید
این اطلس هیچ گزارشی را صرفاً به سبب وابستگی مذهبی نویسنده نمیپذیرد یا رد نمیکند. ابومخنف از گردآورندگان نخستین کوفه بود و مطالب او را مورخان عمومی مسلمان، مانند طبری، نیز حفظ کردهاند؛ شیخ مفید دانشمندی امامی بود که در الارشاد از منابع تاریخی پیشین بهره گرفت. هر ادعا پس از بررسی نزدیکی زمانی، مسیر نقل، وابستگی به منبع مشترک و مقایسه با آثار دیگر ارائه میشود.
سیر تاریخی منابع، راویان و کتابها را بخوانید