محمد اصغر بن علی علیه السلام
🌿 نسب و پیشینه خانوادگی
او فرزند امام علی بن ابیطالب علیه السلام و برادر پدری امام حسین علیه السلام بود. مقاتل الطالبیین مادرش را تنها امولد معرفی میکند؛ آثار متأخر نامهای متفاوت آورده و گاه هویت او را با ابوبکر بن علی درآمیختهاند، ازاینرو هویت مادر به طور قطعی ثابت نیست.
⚔️ نقش در نهضت کربلا
از بنیهاشم و اهل بیت بود؛ نامش در چند فهرست شهدای کربلا آمده، در کنار امام حسین علیه السلام ماند و در عاشورا به شهادت رسید، اما احتمال همپوشانی هویتی با ابوبکر بن علی همچنان حل نشده است.
محمد اصغر بن علی علیه السلام فرزند امام علی بن ابیطالب علیه السلام و برادر پدری امام حسین علیه السلام بود. فهرستهای نخستین و متأخر شهدای کربلا نام او را به صورت محمد بن علی یا محمد اصغر بن علی ثبت کردهاند. عنوان اصغر در فهرستهای نسبی او را از دیگر فرزندان امام علی که محمد نام داشتند جدا میکند، اما آثار متأخر این عنوان را همیشه به یک شیوه به کار نبردهاند. مقاتل الطالبیین مادر او را تنها امولد مینامد و نامی برایش ذکر نمیکند. کتابهای نسبی و زندگینامهای متأخر نامهای گوناگونی آوردهاند، اما برخی از این شناساییها ظاهراً از درآمیختن هویت او با ابوبکر بن علی پدید آمده است. بنابراین تعیین یک مادر با نام مشخص، فراتر از شواهد موجود خواهد بود. تسمیة من قتل مع الحسین و مقاتل الطالبیین، محمد بن علی را به طور جداگانه در میان شهدای هاشمی کربلا میشمارند. منابع گزارش مستقلی از مرحلههای شخصی سفر او از مکه به عراق، سخن خاص یا خدمت مشخصی حفظ نکردهاند، اما حضور نامش در فهرست شهدا او را در میان اعضای خانوادهای قرار میدهد که تا پایان کنار امام حسین ماندند. در روز عاشورا، اعضای اهل بیت پس از شهادت بسیاری از یاران به میدان رفتند. هیچ گزارش نیرومند نخستینی سن محمد اصغر، رجز جداگانه، ترتیب دقیق نبرد یا شمار کسانی را که با آنان جنگید ثبت نکرده است. از یک نام در فهرست و گزارشی کوتاه درباره کشته شدن، نباید داستانی طولانی و حماسی ساخته شود. مقاتل الطالبیین گزارش میکند که مردی از بنی ابان بن دارم، محمد بن علی را کشت و سر او را برد. برخی آثار متأخر نام شخصی قاتل یا جزئیات بیشتری افزودهاند، اما گزارش کهنتر در حد وابستگی قبیلهای روشنتر است. همین صورت به عنوان محتاطانهترین بیان تاریخی حفظ شده است. دشواری اصلی این پرونده، احتمال همپوشانی هویت او با ابوبکر بن علی علیه السلام است. تسمیة من قتل مع الحسین و مقاتل الطالبیین، محمد بن علی و ابوبکر بن علی را جداگانه میشمارند، اما فهرست فرزندان امام علی در الارشاد، محمد اصغر را با کنیه ابوبکر معرفی میکند. این تعارض مانع نتیجه قطعی است؛ بنابراین دو پرونده جدا باقی میمانند و محمد اصغر با وضعیت متغیر و در حال بررسی ثبت میشود. مواد معتبر نخستین، سخن مستقل، ازدواج، فرزند یا قبر جداگانهای برای او ثابت نمیکنند. یاد او بیشتر در فهرست شهدا، رنج جمعی اهل بیت و حافظه مشترک تدفین و زیارت شهدای هاشمی کربلا باقی مانده است. این پرونده از مکان جمعی شهدای کربلا استفاده میکند و برای محمد اصغر قبر جدا، زیارتگاه مستقل یا نشانه نقشه جداگانه نمیسازد. اهمیت تاریخی او در حضور میان خانواده وفادار هاشمی است که به جای ترک امام حسین، راه فداکاری را برگزیدند؛ در عین حال مسئله حلنشده هویت به روشنی بیان شده است.
🏛️ اهمیت تاریخی
اهمیت تاریخی محمد اصغر بن علی در آن است که نامش در چند فهرست شهدای هاشمی کربلا حفظ شده است. زندگینامه فردی او محدود است، اما گواهی فهرستها گستردگی گروه خانوادگی اهل بیت را که همراه امام حسین شهید شدند نشان میدهد. این پرونده نمونهای مهم از نقد منابع است. هویت مادر، احتمال یکی بودن با ابوبکر بن علی و جدا یا مشترک بودن دو نام همچنان محل اختلاف است؛ ازاینرو باید مرز فهرستهای نخستین و شناساییهای متأخر به روشنی بیان شود. مکان جمعی کربلا یاد او را بدون ساختن قبر جداگانه حفظ میکند. میراث او در وفاداری خانوادگی، پایداری کنار امام حسین و بیان صادقانه عدم قطعیت تاریخی است.
📚 منابع
Tasmiyat man qutila ma'a al-Husayn ibn Ali
Maqatil al-Talibiyyin — al-Fudayl ibn al-Zubayr al-Asadi al-Kufi
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani
Martyrs of Ahl al-Bayt list, Muhammad ibn Ali and Abu Bakr ibn Ali listed separately, pp. 23-24 in the linked digital edition
Muhammad al-Asghar entry and continuation of the death report, pp. 90-91 in the linked digital edition; pagination varies by edition
al-Irshad
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — al-Shaykh al-Mufid
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
List of Imam Ali's children identifying Muhammad al-Asghar by the kunya Abu Bakr; pagination varies by edition
Events of 61 AH and lists of the sons of Ali killed with al-Husayn; pagination varies by edition
Tasmiyat man qutila ma'a al-Husayn and Maqatil al-Talibiyyin list Muhammad ibn Ali and Abu Bakr ibn Ali separately. Maqatil describes Muhammad's mother only as an umm walad; the entry begins on p. 90 and the report that a man of Banu Aban ibn Darim killed him continues on p. 91 of the linked digital edition. Al-Irshad identifies Muhammad al-Asghar by the kunya Abu Bakr. Because these identification traditions conflict, the profile remains variant and Under Review.
مشاهده زیارتگاه / مقام مرتبط — حرم امام حسین بن علی علیه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 همه ۷۴ پروفایل
📜این گزارشها چگونه به ما رسیدهاند؟ — توضیح کوتاه را باز کنید
این اطلس هیچ گزارشی را صرفاً به سبب وابستگی مذهبی نویسنده نمیپذیرد یا رد نمیکند. ابومخنف از گردآورندگان نخستین کوفه بود و مطالب او را مورخان عمومی مسلمان، مانند طبری، نیز حفظ کردهاند؛ شیخ مفید دانشمندی امامی بود که در الارشاد از منابع تاریخی پیشین بهره گرفت. هر ادعا پس از بررسی نزدیکی زمانی، مسیر نقل، وابستگی به منبع مشترک و مقایسه با آثار دیگر ارائه میشود.
سیر تاریخی منابع، راویان و کتابها را بخوانید