حضرت سوید بن عمرو بن ابیالمطاع رضی الله عنه
🌿 نسب و پیشینه خانوادگی
او به قبیله خثعم بن انمار و زمینه قبیلهای جنوب عربستان منسوب بود. نامش به صورت سوید بن عمرو بن ابیالمطاع، سوید بن عمرو خثعمی و به اختصار سوید بن مطاع آمده است. نام مادر، همسر و فرزندانش با اطمینان در منابع حفظ نشده است.
⚔️ نقش در نهضت کربلا
از آخرین یاران استوار امام حسین علیهالسلام؛ با جراحتهای سخت در میان کشتگان افتاد، پس از شنیدن خبر شهادت امام دوباره برخاست و در آخرین نبرد به شهادت رسید.
حضرت سوید بن عمرو بن ابیالمطاع رضی الله عنه به قبیله خثعم یا انمار منسوب بود. در منابع تاریخی نام او به صورت سوید بن عمرو خثعمی، سوید بن عمرو بن ابیالمطاع و گاه به اختصار سوید بن مطاع ثبت شده است. زندگینامههای متأخر او را بزرگوار، عابد، بسیار نمازگزار و آزموده در جنگ معرفی میکنند. معنای کلی این اوصاف با ایستادگی پایانی او سازگار است، اما منابع موجود تاریخ تولد، سن، خانواده و سابقه کامل نبردهای پیشین او را با قطعیت حفظ نکردهاند. در مرحله پایانی عاشورا، سوید رضی الله عنه در شمار اندک یارانی بود که هنوز در کنار امام حسین علیهالسلام حضور داشتند. برخی گزارشها نام بشر بن عمرو حضرمی را نیز در کنار او میآورند، اما اختلاف روایتها درباره ماندن یا رفتن بشر سبب تفاوتی جزئی در ترتیب آخرین یاران شده است. سوید سخت جنگید، زخمهای سنگین برداشت و در میان کشتگان افتاد. دشمن او را مرده پنداشت و سلاحش را برداشت. او بیهوش یا با رمقی اندک بر زمین ماند؛ بنابراین سقوط نخست او باید جراحت شدید دانسته شود، نه شهادت. هنگامی که شنید دشمن اعلام میکند امام حسین علیهالسلام به شهادت رسیده است، توان حرکت دوباره یافت. چون شمشیرش را نیافت، بنا بر روایت با خنجری کوچک یا سلاحی دستی دوباره حمله کرد. این رخداد در روایت تاریخی مرتبط با طبری و بلاذری حفظ شده و استوارترین بخش زندگینامه اوست. او در همان حالت زخمی مدتی جنگید و سپس دشمن بر او هجوم آورد و وی را به شهادت رساند. نام قاتلان در نسخهها به صورت عروه بن بطان یا بطار ثعلبی و زید بن رقاد جنبی، جهنی یا تغلبی آمده است. این پرونده هیچیک از این قرائتها را بدون احتیاط به صورت قطعی برنمیگزیند. به سبب این گزارش، او غالبا آخرین شهید از میان یاران امام حسین علیهالسلام خوانده میشود؛ زیرا پس از شنیدن خبر شهادت امام برخاست و سپس کشته شد. این تعبیر را باید در چارچوب روایت یاران فهمید، نه به عنوان داوری زمانی مطلق درباره همه شهدای اهل بیت و تمام کشتهشدگان میدان. در زبان زیارتی متأخر گاه از او به عنوان کسی که دو بار شهید شد یاد میشود، اما این تعبیر مجازی است. در سقوط نخست تنها مرده پنداشته شد و شهادت حقیقی او در نبرد پایانی رخ داد. متن پژوهشی باید این تفاوت را روشن نگه دارد. این پرونده از نظر جغرافیایی از مکان مشترک شهدای کربلا پیروی میکند و قبر جداگانه، زیارتگاه مستقل یا نشان نقشهای ویژهای برای او اثبات نمیکند. یاد او نمونهای کمنظیر از وفاداری پایانی و مقاومت آگاهانه است؛ زیرا پس از شنیدن خبر شهادت امام نیز با نیروی باقیمانده برخاست و دوباره جنگید.
🏛️ اهمیت تاریخی
اهمیت تاریخی سوید رضی الله عنه در بازیافتن توان و نبرد دوباره او در آخرین لحظات است. این گزارش وفاداری را تنها خدمت در زمان حیات امام نمیداند، بلکه آن را مقاومت برای حق حتی پس از اعلام شهادت امام نشان میدهد. روایت مرتبط با طبری و بلاذری چارچوبی استوار از جراحت شدید، افتادن در میان کشتگان، جنگ دوباره با سلاحی کوچک و شهادت نهایی ارائه میکند. اختلاف نسخهها در نام قاتلان و نسبتهای قبیلهای نیز آشکارا حفظ شده است. مکان مشترک کربلا یاد او را در کنار مجموعه یاران نگه میدارد. زندگی او همچنین فرق میان مجاز و تاریخ را روشن میکند: او حقیقتا دو بار شهید نشد، بلکه نخست مرده پنداشته شد و در ایستادگی پایانی به شهادت رسید.
📚 منابع
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
Ansab al-Ashraf — Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri
Karbala account; pagination varies by edition
Karbala account; pagination varies by edition
Tasmiyat man qutila ma'a al-Husayn ibn Ali
Nafas al-Mahmum — al-Fudayl ibn al-Zubayr al-Kufi
Shaykh Abbas al-Qummi
Entry 58 on Suwayd ibn Amr ibn al-Muta'; printed edition p. 153
Chapter on the martyrdom of Suwayd and the companions; pagination varies by edition
The Abu Mikhnaf report preserved by al-Tabari, with a parallel report in Ansab al-Ashraf, supports Suwayd's severe wounding, lying among the dead, hearing that Imam Husayn had been killed, renewed combat with a knife after his sword had been taken, and final martyrdom. Those reports name Urwa ibn Batar or Battan al-Taghlibi and Zayd ibn Riqad al-Janbi in variant forms. Tasmiyat preserves Suwayd independently in the martyr list but attributes his death to Hani ibn Thubayt al-Hadrami. The phrase 'last martyr' is restricted to the companions' narrative and is not made an absolute order covering every Hashimite martyr or every casualty. The later phrase 'martyred twice' is treated as a devotional metaphor because the first fall was grave wounding, not death. The shared-parent location does not establish a separate grave.
مشاهده زیارتگاه / مقام مرتبط — حرم امام حسین بن علی علیه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 همه ۷۴ پروفایل
📜این گزارشها چگونه به ما رسیدهاند؟ — توضیح کوتاه را باز کنید
این اطلس هیچ گزارشی را صرفاً به سبب وابستگی مذهبی نویسنده نمیپذیرد یا رد نمیکند. ابومخنف از گردآورندگان نخستین کوفه بود و مطالب او را مورخان عمومی مسلمان، مانند طبری، نیز حفظ کردهاند؛ شیخ مفید دانشمندی امامی بود که در الارشاد از منابع تاریخی پیشین بهره گرفت. هر ادعا پس از بررسی نزدیکی زمانی، مسیر نقل، وابستگی به منبع مشترک و مقایسه با آثار دیگر ارائه میشود.
سیر تاریخی منابع، راویان و کتابها را بخوانید