محمد بن عبدالله بن جعفر علیه السلام
🌿 نسب و پیشینه خانوادگی
فرزند عبدالله بن جعفر طیار رضی الله عنه و نوه جعفر طیار رضی الله عنه. یک فهرست کهن شهدا مادر او را خوصاء بنت خصفه معرفی میکند؛ برخی منابع متأخر نام را حفصه نوشتهاند و حافظه مردمی و مجلسی نیز گاهی او را فرزند حضرت زینب سلام الله علیها میداند، بنابراین اختلاف در انتساب مادری باید آشکار بماند.
⚔️ نقش در نهضت کربلا
عضوی هاشمی از خاندان جعفر طیار که پدرش او را همراه برادرش عون برای یاری امام حسین علیه السلام باقی گذاشت؛ در روز عاشورا به شهادت رسید.
محمد بن عبدالله بن جعفر علیه السلام از شهدای خاندان جعفر طیار بود که نامش در طبری، ارشاد، مقاتل الطالبیین و چند فهرست شهدا حفظ شده است. او فرزند عبدالله بن جعفر رضی الله عنه، نوه جعفر طیار رضی الله عنه و از خویشاوندان هاشمی امام حسین علیه السلام بود. منابع درباره مادر او یکسان نیستند. متنی کهن در فهرست شهدا، او را فرزند خوصاء بنت خصفه میداند، در حالی که برخی منابع متأخر نام را حفصه نوشتهاند و حافظه مردمی مجالس گاهی عون و محمد را هر دو فرزند حضرت زینب سلام الله علیها معرفی میکند. چون عبدالله بن جعفر چند همسر و نوادگانی با نامهای نزدیک داشت، اختلاف در انتساب مادری بهروشنی بیان میشود و قطعی تلقی نمیگردد. بر پایه گزارشی که شیخ مفید و طبری حفظ کردهاند، عبدالله بن جعفر دو پسرش عون و محمد را در پی امام حسین فرستاد. آنان نامهای با درخواست بازگشت رساندند، اما پس از آنکه امام بر تصمیم خود پایدار ماند، پدرشان به آنان فرمان داد در کنار ایشان بمانند، سفر را ادامه دهند و در دفاع از ایشان بجنگند. این گزارش چگونگی پیوستن محمد به نهضت حسینی را روشن میکند. حضور او تنها نتیجه خویشاوندی نبود، بلکه تعهدی آگاهانه و با اجازه پدر برای یاری امام بود. منابع آغازین سخن مستقل، منصب یا خدمت تفصیلی ویژهای از او در مسیر مکه تا کربلا با اطمینان ثبت نکردهاند. در مرحله نبرد بنیهاشم در روز عاشورا، محمد همراه عون و دیگر اعضای اهل بیت وارد میدان شد. گزارش منسوب به ابومخنف میگوید عامر بن نهشل تیمی یا تمیمی بر او حمله کرد و وی را به شهادت رساند. ضبط نسبت قبیلهای در نسخهها متفاوت است، اما گزارش آغازین قاتل را با همین نام معرفی میکند. مقتلهای متأخر، رجزها، شمار کشتهشدگان دشمن و شرح مفصل مبارزه را به محمد نسبت میدهند. این مطالب با همان درجه در گزارشهای کوتاه ابومخنف و ارشاد حفظ نشدهاند و بنابراین در اینجا زندگینامه قطعی میدان شمرده نمیشوند. در بعضی فهرستهای شهدا نام عبیدالله نیز در میان پسران عبدالله بن جعفر دیده میشود و نویسندگان متأخر درباره جدا بودن محمد و عبیدالله یا اختلاف فهرستها بحث کردهاند. با این حال، نام محمد بن عبدالله به طور مستقل و مکرر در منابع آغازین آمده و هویت اصلی او را استوار میسازد. گزارشی درباره عبدالله بن جعفر پس از کربلا میگوید که او شهادت دو پسرش را یاری امام حسین دانست و اعلام کرد اگر خود حاضر بود از امام جدا نمیشد. این خبر فداکاری محمد و عون را در چارچوب وفاداری گستردهتر خاندانشان به نهضت حسینی قرار میدهد. این پروفایل محل جمعی شهدای کربلا را به ارث میبرد و قبر جداگانه یا زیارتگاه مستقل ادعا نمیکند. یاد محمد مشارکت خاندان جعفر، پیوند آگاهانه با سفر حسینی و گزارش کوتاه اما نسبتاً مستند شهادت را حفظ میکند.
🏛️ اهمیت تاریخی
اهمیت محمد بن عبدالله علیه السلام در گزارش آغازینی است که او را به فرمان پدر در یاری امام حسین قرار میدهد. این خبر مشارکت خاندان جعفر را به صورت تعهدی منظم و آگاهانه خانوادگی نشان میدهد. اصل شهادت و نام قاتل او نسبتاً استوار است، اما در مادر، پیوند احتمالی با نام عبیدالله در فهرستها، رجزها و شمار کشتهها اختلاف وجود دارد. پروفایل این تفاوتها را بدون تضعیف هویت ثابت او توضیح میدهد. محل مشترک کربلا یاد او را در میان شهدای جمعی حفظ میکند. زندگینامه کوتاه او نشان میدهد که اهمیت تاریخی همیشه به روایت بلند وابسته نیست و گاهی بر نسب روشن، یاری آگاهانه و خبر معتبر و مختصر شهادت استوار است.
📚 منابع
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
al-Irshad — Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
al-Shaykh al-Mufid
vol. 5, pp. 387–388 and the Karbala martyr report; pagination varies by edition
journey and Karbala martyr sections; pagination varies by edition
Tasmiyat man Qutila ma'a al-Husayn ibn Ali
Ibsar al-Ayn fi Ansar al-Husayn — al-Fudayl ibn al-Zubayr al-Kufi
Muhammad al-Samawi
vol. 1, p. 25 in the cited digital edition
Muhammad ibn Abdullah entry; pagination varies by edition
The departure report supports Abdullah ibn Ja'far's letter through Muhammad and Awn and his instruction that they remain with Imam Husayn. The Abu Mikhnaf/Tabari martyr report identifies Amir ibn Nahshal al-Taymi as Muhammad's killer. The cited Tasmiyat entry gives his mother as al-Khawsa bint Khasafa; later sources preserve Hafsa or other spellings, and popular memory sometimes identifies Lady Zaynab. The mother-name fields use the early Tasmiyat form while the five-language lineage and narrative preserve the disagreement.
مشاهده زیارتگاه / مقام مرتبط — حرم امام حسین بن علی علیه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 همه ۷۴ پروفایل
📜این گزارشها چگونه به ما رسیدهاند؟ — توضیح کوتاه را باز کنید
این اطلس هیچ گزارشی را صرفاً به سبب وابستگی مذهبی نویسنده نمیپذیرد یا رد نمیکند. ابومخنف از گردآورندگان نخستین کوفه بود و مطالب او را مورخان عمومی مسلمان، مانند طبری، نیز حفظ کردهاند؛ شیخ مفید دانشمندی امامی بود که در الارشاد از منابع تاریخی پیشین بهره گرفت. هر ادعا پس از بررسی نزدیکی زمانی، مسیر نقل، وابستگی به منبع مشترک و مقایسه با آثار دیگر ارائه میشود.
سیر تاریخی منابع، راویان و کتابها را بخوانید