حضرت سعد رضیاللهعنه، مولای عمرو بن خالد
🌿 نسب و پیشینه خانوادگی
مولی و همراه حضرت عمرو بن خالد صیداوی رضیاللهعنه بود. برخی منابع متأخر او را سعد بن عبدالله و بعضی نقلهای زیارت سعید مولای عمرو نامیدهاند.
⚔️ نقش در نهضت کربلا
مولی و همراه وفادار حضرت عمرو بن خالد رضیاللهعنه که با او از کوفه بیرون آمد، به امام حسین علیهالسلام پیوست و روز عاشورا با سه تن از یارانش شهید شد.
حضرت سعد رضیاللهعنه در گزارش کهن بهعنوان مولی و همراه وفادار حضرت عمرو بن خالد صیداوی رضیاللهعنه شناخته میشود. آثار شرححال متأخر او را سعد بن عبدالله نامیدهاند، در حالی که برخی نسخههای زیارت نام سعید را آوردهاند. با وجود این صورتهای متفاوت، پیوند او با عمرو، سفر و شهادتش یک شخصیت تاریخی روشن را نشان میدهد. واژهٔ مولی رابطهٔ اجتماعی او را بیان میکند، اما گزارش کهن سعد را شخصیتی صرفا وابسته و بیاراده معرفی نمیکند. او در همهٔ مراحل با نیت شخصی و مسئولیت اخلاقی شرکت داشت: بیرون آمدن از کوفه، پیمودن راهی خطرناک، رسیدن به امام حسین علیهالسلام و پایداری در نبرد. پس از سرکوب حرکت حضرت مسلم بن عقیل علیهالسلام و تشدید مراقبت عبیدالله بن زیاد، سعد همراه عمرو بن خالد، حضرت مجمّع بن عبدالله عائذی و مردی سلمانی رضیاللهعنهم از کوفه بیرون آمد. آنان طرماح بن عدی را راهنمای خود در مسیری غیرمستقیم قرار دادند و اسب حضرت نافع بن هلال رضیاللهعنه را نیز همراه آوردند. آنان نزدیک عذیبالهجانات به کاروان امام حسین علیهالسلام رسیدند. نیروهای حر بن یزید کوشیدند ایشان را متوقف کنند یا بازگردانند، اما امام حسین فرمود آنان یاران و یاوران مناند و از آنان دفاع خواهم کرد. پیوستن سعد به کاروان حسینی بدینگونه بهصورت انتخابی روشن با پذیرش کامل خطر در تاریخ مانده است. روز عاشورا سعد همراه عمرو بن خالد، جابر بن حارث سلمانی و مجمّع رضیاللهعنهم حمله کرد. آن چهار تن در صفوف دشمن پیش رفتند، محاصره شدند و از صف امام جدا افتادند. اقدام مشترک آنان اعتماد متقابل، هماهنگی عملی و همراهی تا آخرین مرحله را آشکار میکند. حضرت عباس بن علی علیهالسلام پیش رفت، حلقهٔ محاصره را شکست و آن چهار نفر را بیرون آورد. آنان با وجود جراحت، هنگام نزدیک شدن دوبارهٔ دشمن همگی شمشیر کشیدند و در یک مکان یا مرحلهای پیوسته از نبرد به شهادت رسیدند. داستان سعد در این زنجیرهٔ جمعی استوار حفظ شده است: خروج از کوفه، حمایت امام، نبرد مشترک، یاری حضرت عباس و شهادت جمعی. این پرونده با جایگاه جمعی شهدای کربلا پیوند دارد. زندگی حضرت سعد رضیاللهعنه نمونهای از کرامت کامل انسانی و ارادهٔ اخلاقی آزاد درون رابطهٔ خدمت یا ولاء است؛ کرامت و ارادهای که در وفاداری پایدار از سفر تا شهادت جلوه یافت.
🏛️ اهمیت تاریخی
اهمیت تاریخی حضرت سعد رضیاللهعنه در سفر جمعی گروهی است که با وجود مراقبت حکومتی از کوفه بیرون آمد و به امام حسین علیهالسلام رسید. تصمیم او شجاعتی عملی و انتخابی اخلاقی و روشن بود. گزارش محاصره، یاری حضرت عباس، بازگشت با جراحت و ازسرگیری نبرد مشترک، اعتماد متقابل و پایداری یاران را حفظ کرده است. شرححال او رابطهٔ خدمت یا ولاء را با کرامت کامل انسانی و مسئولیت اخلاقی آزاد توضیح میدهد و جایگاه جمعی شهدای کربلا یادش را در زمینهٔ گروهی آن نگه میدارد.
📚 منابع
Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
vol. 5, pp. 405-406 and 446 in the cited edition
Ibsar al-Ayn fi Ansar al-Husayn
Ansar al-Husayn: Dirasah an Shuhada Thawrat al-Husayn — Muhammad al-Samawi
Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din
p. 116
pp. 89 and 153-154
The early Abu Mikhnaf report identifies Sa'd as the mawla of Amr ibn Khalid and places him in the arrival at Udhayb al-Hijanat and the four-man combat, al-Abbas's intervention, and joint martyrdom. The English title 'attendant' was replaced by the historically broader term mawla, which may indicate clientage, manumission, or alliance and does not diminish Sa'd's independent moral agency. Later sources give Sa'd ibn Abdullah, while ziyara transmissions also read Sa'id, mawla of Amr; the Sa'id form was aligned across all five alternative-name fields. These are graded as variants of one coherent companion, not separate biographies. The Tabari battle-page note was corrected from 445 to 446.
مشاهده زیارتگاه / مقام مرتبط — حرم امام حسین بن علی علیه السلام
جامع الترمذي
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مسند أحمد بن حنبل
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
أنساب الأشراف
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
الإرشاد في معرفة حجج الله على العباد
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
مقتل الحسين
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
imamhussain.org
ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: أخبار الحسين وكربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented. | Page/Volume: الروايات المبكرة عن كربلاء؛ الصفحات تختلف باختلاف الطبعات | ARTICLE ROLE: PRIMARY BURIAL/MAIN RECORD. The complete Medina, Mecca, Karbala journey, Ashura, family, martyrdom, shrine history and seventy-four-profile directory content were preserved. Family enumeration and detailed maqtal sequences remain source-qualified. Persian and Hindi were rebuilt under V4.7 to match all eleven English paragraphs, including the final shrine and directory sections. No PER code was invented.
🌹 همه ۷۴ پروفایل
📜این گزارشها چگونه به ما رسیدهاند؟ — توضیح کوتاه را باز کنید
این اطلس هیچ گزارشی را صرفاً به سبب وابستگی مذهبی نویسنده نمیپذیرد یا رد نمیکند. ابومخنف از گردآورندگان نخستین کوفه بود و مطالب او را مورخان عمومی مسلمان، مانند طبری، نیز حفظ کردهاند؛ شیخ مفید دانشمندی امامی بود که در الارشاد از منابع تاریخی پیشین بهره گرفت. هر ادعا پس از بررسی نزدیکی زمانی، مسیر نقل، وابستگی به منبع مشترک و مقایسه با آثار دیگر ارائه میشود.
سیر تاریخی منابع، راویان و کتابها را بخوانید